Review on Automatic Variable-Rate Spraying Systems Based on Orchard Canopy Characterization

Pesticide consumption and environmental pollution in orchards can be greatly decreased by combining variable-rate spray treatments with proportional control systems. Nowadays, farmers use canopy spraying to apply weed killers only where they are required which provides friendly cost-effective crop protection chemicals. Moreover, restricting the of pesticides as Plant Protection Products (PPP) while maintaining appropriate deposition is a serious challenge. Additionally, automatic sprayers that adjust their application rates size shape orchard plantations has indicated significant potential for reducing pesticides. For spraying, existing research used an Artificial Intelligence Machine Learning. Also, efficiency increased lowering losses from ground off-target drift. Therefore, this study involves thorough examination techniques orchards. In addition providing examples predictions briefly addressing influences on parameters, it also presents various alternatives avoiding pesticide overuse explores advantages disadvantages.